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- ENVIRONMENT, Page 111A Burger to Go -- Hold the Plastic
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- Forsaken by McDonald's, foam packaging may be on the way out
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- Polystyrene foam is one of the great success stories of
- modern industry. Light, shock-resistant, insulating and cheap
- to make, it shows up everywhere: in disposable coffee cups, in
- boxes that hold fast-food hamburgers, as packing "peanuts" for
- safe shipping. But the stuff has a serious downside as well.
- Polystyrene is bulky, taking up space in landfills; as a
- plastic, it takes decades to decompose; its manufacture causes
- the release of hazardous chemicals; and the market for
- recycling it is hopelessly limited. Environmentalists have
- argued for years that the foam should simply be banned.
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- They now have an unlikely ally: McDonald's. The nation's
- largest fast-food chain and frequent target of environmental
- protests announced last week that it would begin phasing out
- foam packaging within 60 days at its 8,500 U.S. restaurants. The
- move came as a surprise. The company has long said the
- containers were not necessarily a problem and had planned a $100
- million campaign to recycle them. But ecology-minded customers
- were increasingly unhappy with the packages. As a result,
- McDonald's is making the phaseout part of a broad
- pro-environment initiative that the company is developing in
- partnership with the Washington-based Environmental Defense
- Fund.
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- McDonald's will probably replace its foam hamburger boxes
- with material similar to the thin paper used to wrap its
- smallest sandwiches. That is not a perfect solution either. The
- paper is not yet recyclable, and while it does break down in
- landfills, its production requires cutting down trees. But it
- takes up 90% less space than foam when discarded, and McDonald's
- is testing a paper-recycling technique in some of its California
- stores. If it can find alternatives, the chain may also replace
- its polystyrene plates and coffee cups.
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- One possible substitute for some uses of polystyrene comes
- straight from nature. To replace the plastic-foam pellets that
- are used to protect delicate merchandise during shipping, at
- least two companies in California are trying to market a
- biodegradable, in fact edible, alternative: popcorn. The
- drawbacks are that it is more expensive to produce than
- polystyrene pellets and tends to attract rodents and insects.
- Nonetheless, a handful of mail-order companies and other
- shippers in the U.S., Canada and Europe have begun packing with
- popcorn (butter and salt not included). Such small innovations,
- along with dramatic shifts by companies like McDonald's, may
- someday eliminate a major insult to the environment.
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